Evaluation of Body Mass Index (BMI): A Risk Factor for Stroke among Pakistani Youth

Abstract

Background and Objective:

Body Mass Index (BMI) has been recognized as a significant risk factor for stroke, especially among younger populations in South Asia. Rising obesity rates contribute to non-communicable diseases, with increased stroke incidences being observed in younger adults. The objective of this study was to assess BMI distribution among Pakistani youth across various educational levels, providing insight into obesity trends and potential health risks.

Methods:

This cross-sectional study was conducted through an online platform, surveying 2,223 respondents across 38 cities in Pakistan. A semi-structured questionnaire was administered, covering 600 educational institutions. Participants were categorized by BMI using WHO standards: underweight (<18.5 kg/m²), normal (18.5–24.9 kg/m²), overweight (25–29.9 kg/m²), obese (≥30 kg/m²), and extremely obese (≥35 kg/m²). Data collected included participant age, gender, educational level, and institution type, ensuring anonymity and statistical analysis.

Results:

 Among respondents, 33% were enrolled in Master’s programs, 57% were male, and 62% attended public institutions. Notably, 27% of participants had a BMI above 24.9, with a higher prevalence among females. Age analysis revealed an increase in overweight and obesity rates in older groups: 23% in ages 19-24 and 31% in ages 25-28. Educational analysis indicated that obesity rates increased with higher education levels, reaching 30% among postgraduate students.

Conclusion:

This study reveals a concerning trend of high BMI levels among Pakistani youth, especially at higher education levels, highlighting the need for targeted public health interventions to address obesity and related risks of stroke and other diseases.